Water Scarcity 2024: Politics, Conflict, and the Battle for Limited Resources

February 11, 2024

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Water Scarcity Conflict Battle Scarce Resources

Ethiopia’s Grand Rennaisance Dam on the Blue Nile image credit

Water scarcity has become a pressing global issue, with the demand for freshwater resources exceeding the available supply. In 2024, several critical conflicts arose worldwide due to disputes over limited freshwater sources. This article explores the most significant freshwater conflicts that emerged in 2024, highlighting these disputes' political, social, and environmental implications. Ultimately, it addresses the alarming relationship between population growth and shrinking water resources, painting a concerning picture for the future.

 

1. The Nile River Basin: Ethiopia, Sudan, and Egypt engaged in intense negotiations and disagreements over the construction and filling of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam. The filling process affected the downstream water supply, leading to heightened tensions among the countries involved.

 

2. The Indus River Basin: India and Pakistan struggled with water-sharing agreements in the Indus River Basin, leading to increased tensions and conflicts in the region.

 

3. The Mekong River: Southeast Asian countries, including China, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam, faced conflicts over hydropower dam development and the impact on downstream water availability and fisheries.

 

4. The Jordan River: Israel, Palestine, Jordan, and Syria encountered disputes over water allocation from the Jordan River, exacerbating existing regional conflicts.

 

5. The Rhine River: Netherlands, France, Switzerland, and Germany faced conflicts over water management, pollution concerns, and water-sharing agreements in the Rhine River Basin.

 

6. The Colorado River: The United States and Mexico encountered disputes over water allocation from the Colorado River, impacting both agricultural and urban water supply.

 

7. The Brahmaputra River: India and China disputed water diversion and hydropower projects along the Brahmaputra River, leading to increased tensions between the two nations.

 

8. The Tigris and Euphrates Rivers: Turkey, Syria, and Iraq faced conflicts over dams and water diversion projects along the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, causing water shortages and ecological damage in downstream countries.

 

9. The Congo River: The Democratic Republic of Congo and neighboring countries have faced conflicts over hydropower projects and water resource management, contributing to regional tensions.

 

10. The Amu Darya River: Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, and Turkmenistan encountered disputes over water-sharing agreements, agriculture, and dam construction along the Amu Darya River.

 

11. The Ganges River: India and Bangladesh struggled with water disputes, including downstream water flow, pollution concerns, and shared water resources along the Ganges River.

 

12. The Amazon River Basin: Brazil and neighboring countries faced conflicts over deforestation, land-use practices, and the protection of water resources in the Amazon River Basin. 

 

The freshwater conflicts in 2024 highlight the increasing global challenges related to water scarcity. As the world's population grows, placing greater demands on limited freshwater resources, conflicts over water are likely to intensify. The extrapolated population gain and shrinking water resources seriously threaten global stability, economic development, and environmental sustainability. Urgent international cooperation, effective water management strategies, and sustainable practices are crucial to avert future conflicts and ensure equitable access to this vital resource.

 

Sources: 

 

1. United Nations Water. (2024). Water Scarcity. 

2. International Water Management Institute (IWMI). (2024). Water Conflict Chronology. 

3. World Wildlife Fund (WWF). (2024). Freshwater Threats and Conservation. 

4. Water.org. (2024). Water Scarcity Facts. 

5. International Crisis Group. (2024). Managing Water Conflict and Cooperation. 

6. Copley, Gregory. "Ethiopia's Decisive War." Defense & Foreign Affairs Strategic Policy, vol. 48, no. 11/12, 2020, pp. 6-10.

7. New Coalition “Forest for All NYC” Releases NYC Urban Forest Agenda – Forest for All NYC. https://forestforall.nyc/new-coalition-forest-for-all-nyc-releases-nyc-urban-forest-agenda/